Water - The Environment
Carbonate Hardness (KH): Tables and Information
Written by Wednesday, 31 October 2001 00:00
How to use this table: Take a reading of the KH (Carbonate Hardness) and pH of your tank water . Identify the row which has both your KH and your pH reading. Next to it you will see the CO2 content expressed in parts per million (ppm). Note that a part per million is equivalent to one mg / Liter.
In the CO2 column there are shaded areas. The normal typeface (non shaded areas) indicate the CO2 content normally found in a tank without a CO2 injection. This is good for the fish but not good enough for plants; they may / will grow but they won't thrive. Readings shaded in green comprise the optimum range for plants and are usually achieved with a CO2 injection. Finally, readings shaded in orange are good for the plants but may harm your fish. Please note that regardless of readings, fish gasping for air at the surface of the water is a sign that too much CO2 is present in the water. In this case you should immediately stop the CO2 injection and start heavy aeration.
|
KH |
pH |
CO2 |
KH |
pH |
CO2 |
KH |
pH |
CO2 |
KH |
pH |
CO2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
5 |
7 |
15 |
6 |
7 |
18 |
7 |
7 |
21 |
8 |
7 |
24 |
|
5 |
7,15 |
10,619 |
6 |
7,15 |
12,743 |
7 |
7,15 |
14,867 |
8 |
7,15 |
16,991 |
|
5 |
7,2 |
9,4644 |
6 |
7,2 |
11,357 |
7 |
7,2 |
13,25 |
8 |
7,2 |
15,143 |
|
5 |
7,25 |
8,4351 |
6 |
7,25 |
10,122 |
7 |
7,25 |
11,809 |
8 |
7,25 |
13,496 |
|
5 |
7,3 |
7,5178 |
6 |
7,3 |
9,0214 |
7 |
7,3 |
10,525 |
8 |
7,3 |
12,028 |
|
5 |
7,35 |
6,7003 |
6 |
7,35 |
8,0403 |
7 |
7,35 |
9,3804 |
8 |
7,35 |
10,72 |
|
5 |
7,4 |
5,9716 |
6 |
7,4 |
7,1659 |
7 |
7,4 |
8,3603 |
8 |
7,4 |
9,5546 |
|
5 |
7,45 |
5,3222 |
6 |
7,45 |
6,3866 |
7 |
7,45 |
7,4511 |
8 |
7,45 |
8,5155 |
|
5 |
7,5 |
4,7434 |
6 |
7,5 |
5,6921 |
7 |
7,5 |
6,6408 |
8 |
7,5 |
7,5895 |
|
5 |
7,55 |
4,2276 |
6 |
7,55 |
5,0731 |
7 |
7,55 |
5,9186 |
8 |
7,55 |
6,7641 |
|
5 |
7,6 |
3,7678 |
6 |
7,6 |
4,5214 |
7 |
7,6 |
5,275 |
8 |
7,6 |
6,0285 |
|
5 |
7,65 |
3,3581 |
6 |
7,65 |
4,0297 |
7 |
7,65 |
4,7013 |
8 |
7,65 |
5,3729 |
|
5 |
7,7 |
2,9929 |
6 |
7,7 |
3,5915 |
7 |
7,7 |
4,1901 |
8 |
7,7 |
4,7886 |
|
5 |
7,75 |
2,6674 |
6 |
7,75 |
3,2009 |
7 |
7,75 |
3,7344 |
8 |
7,75 |
4,2679 |
|
5 |
7,8 |
2,3773 |
6 |
7,8 |
2,8528 |
7 |
7,8 |
3,3283 |
8 |
7,8 |
3,8037 |
|
5 |
7,85 |
2,1188 |
6 |
7,85 |
2,5426 |
7 |
7,85 |
2,9663 |
8 |
7,85 |
3,3901 |
|
5 |
7,9 |
1,8884 |
6 |
7,9 |
2,2661 |
7 |
7,9 |
2,6437 |
8 |
7,9 |
3,0214 |
|
5 |
7,95 |
1,683 |
6 |
7,95 |
2,0196 |
7 |
7,95 |
2,3562 |
8 |
7,95 |
2,6928 |
|
5 |
8 |
1,5 |
6 |
8 |
1,8 |
7 |
8 |
2,1 |
8 |
8 |
2,4 |
|
5 |
8,05 |
1,3369 |
6 |
8,05 |
1,6043 |
7 |
8,05 |
1,8716 |
8 |
8,05 |
2,139 |
|
5 |
8,1 |
1,1915 |
6 |
8,1 |
1,4298 |
7 |
8,1 |
1,6681 |
8 |
8,1 |
1,9064 |
|
5 |
8,15 |
1,0619 |
6 |
8,15 |
1,2743 |
7 |
8,15 |
1,4867 |
8 |
8,15 |
1,6991 |
|
5 |
8,2 |
0,9464 |
6 |
8,2 |
1,1357 |
7 |
8,2 |
1,325 |
8 |
8,2 |
1,5143 |
|
5 |
8,25 |
0,8435 |
6 |
8,25 |
1,0122 |
7 |
8,25 |
1,1809 |
8 |
8,25 |
1,3496 |
|
5 |
8,3 |
0,7518 |
6 |
8,3 |
0,9021 |
7 |
8,3 |
1,0525 |
8 |
8,3 |
1,2028 |
|
KH |
pH |
CO2 |
KH |
pH |
CO2 |
KH |
pH |
CO2 |
KH |
pH |
CO2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
9 |
7 |
27 |
10 |
7 |
30 |
11 |
7 |
33 |
12 |
7 |
36 |
|
9 |
7,15 |
19,115 |
10 |
7,15 |
21,238 |
11 |
7,15 |
23,362 |
12 |
7,15 |
25,486 |
|
9 |
7,2 |
17,036 |
10 |
7,2 |
18,929 |
11 |
7,2 |
20,822 |
12 |
7,2 |
22,714 |
|
9 |
7,25 |
15,183 |
10 |
7,25 |
16,87 |
11 |
7,25 |
18,557 |
12 |
7,25 |
20,244 |
|
9 |
7,3 |
13,532 |
10 |
7,3 |
15,036 |
11 |
7,3 |
16,539 |
12 |
7,3 |
18,043 |
|
9 |
7,35 |
12,06 |
10 |
7,35 |
13,401 |
11 |
7,35 |
14,741 |
12 |
7,35 |
16,081 |
|
9 |
7,4 |
10,749 |
10 |
7,4 |
11,943 |
11 |
7,4 |
13,138 |
12 |
7,4 |
14,332 |
|
9 |
7,45 |
9,58 |
10 |
7,45 |
10,644 |
11 |
7,45 |
11,709 |
12 |
7,45 |
12,773 |
|
9 |
7,5 |
8,5381 |
10 |
7,5 |
9,4868 |
11 |
7,5 |
10,436 |
12 |
7,5 |
11,384 |
|
9 |
7,55 |
7,6096 |
10 |
7,55 |
8,4551 |
11 |
7,55 |
9,3007 |
12 |
7,55 |
10,146 |
|
9 |
7,6 |
6,7821 |
10 |
7,6 |
7,5357 |
11 |
7,6 |
8,2892 |
12 |
7,6 |
9,0428 |
|
9 |
7,65 |
6,0445 |
10 |
7,65 |
6,7162 |
11 |
7,65 |
7,3878 |
12 |
7,65 |
8,0594 |
|
9 |
7,7 |
5,3872 |
10 |
7,7 |
5,9858 |
11 |
7,7 |
6,5844 |
12 |
7,7 |
7,1829 |
|
9 |
7,75 |
4,8024 |
10 |
7,75 |
5,3348 |
11 |
7,75 |
5,8683 |
12 |
7,75 |
6,4018 |
|
9 |
7,8 |
4,2792 |
10 |
7,8 |
4,7547 |
11 |
7,8 |
5,2301 |
12 |
7,8 |
5,7056 |
|
9 |
7,85 |
3,8139 |
10 |
7,85 |
4,2376 |
11 |
7,85 |
4,6614 |
12 |
7,85 |
5,0851 |
|
9 |
7,9 |
3,3991 |
10 |
7,9 |
3,7768 |
11 |
7,9 |
4,1545 |
12 |
7,9 |
4,5321 |
|
9 |
7,95 |
3,0294 |
10 |
7,95 |
3,3661 |
11 |
7,95 |
3,7027 |
12 |
7,95 |
4,0393 |
|
9 |
8 |
2,7 |
10 |
8 |
3 |
11 |
8 |
3,3 |
12 |
8 |
3,6 |
|
9 |
8,05 |
2,4064 |
10 |
8,05 |
2,6738 |
11 |
8,05 |
2,9411 |
12 |
8,05 |
3,2085 |
|
9 |
8,1 |
2,1477 |
10 |
8,1 |
2,383 |
11 |
8,1 |
2,6213 |
12 |
8,1 |
2,8596 |
|
9 |
8,15 |
1,9115 |
10 |
8,15 |
2,1238 |
11 |
8,15 |
2,3362 |
12 |
8,15 |
2,5486 |
|
9 |
8,2 |
1,7036 |
10 |
8,2 |
1,8929 |
11 |
8,2 |
2,0822 |
12 |
8,2 |
2,2714 |
|
9 |
8,25 |
1,5183 |
10 |
8,25 |
1,687 |
11 |
8,25 |
1,8557 |
12 |
8,25 |
2,0244 |
|
9 |
8,3 |
1,3532 |
10 |
8,3 |
1,5036 |
11 |
8,3 |
1,6539 |
12 |
8,3 |
1,8043 |
| Next > |
|---|